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Preposition (सम्बन्ध सूचक अव्यय)
In prepositions, the words and group of words are positioned before a noun or a pronoun to describe its relation with some other word in the sentence.
(सम्बन्ध सूचक अव्यय वे शब्द या शब्दों का समूह है जो आम तौर पर किसी संज्ञा या सर्वनाम के पहले स्थित किया जाता है और वह सम्बन्ध सूचक अव्यय उस संज्ञा या सर्वनाम का सम्बन्ध किसी दूसरे शब्द से प्रदर्शित करता है.)
The noun or pronoun used with the preposition is called its object.
( संज्ञा और सर्वनाम के साथ सम्बन्ध सूचक अव्यय का प्रयोग किया जाता है उसे object कहते है।)
Such as: in (मे), on (पर ), into (के अंदर), of (के).
For Example:
The Farmer in the field. (किसान खेत मे है।) - Kisan khet me hai.
Toy is on the table. (खिलौना मेज पर है।) - Khilona mej par hai.
The mouse jumbed into the pot (चूहा बर्तन के भीतर कूद गया।) - Chuha bartan ke bhitar kud gaya.
Preposition in Hindi are of ten types: (हिंदी में सम्बन्ध सूचक अव्यय दस प्रकार के होते हैं।)
1) काल वाचक (Kaal Vaachak)
2) स्थान वाचक (Sthan Vaachak)
3) दिशा वाचक (Disha Vaachak)
4) साधन वाचक (Saadhan Vaachak)
5) समता वाचक (Samata Vaachak)
6) विरोध वाचक (Viraudh Vaachak)
7) हेतु वाचक (Hetu Vaachak)
8) सहचर वाचक (Sahachar Vaachak)
9) संग्रह वाचक (Sangrah Vaachak)
10) तुलना वाचक (Tulana Vaachak)
1) काल वाचक (Kaal Vachak):
The prepositions give us the indication of time is called Kaalvachak.
Such as: आगे (Aage - Ahead), पीछे (Piche - Behind), पूर्व (Purv - Before), बाद (Baad - After), पहले (Pehle - Before).
2) स्थान वाचक (Sthan Vaachak):
The preposition give us the indication of place is called Sthan Vachak.
Such as: ऊपर (Uppar - Above), नीचे (Niche - Below), बाहर (Baahar - Outside), भीतर (Bhitar - Inside), पास (Paas - Near), निकट (Nikat - Near), दूर (Dur - Far).
3) दिशा वाचक (Disha Vaachak):
These preposition give us the indication of direction is called Disha Vachak.
Such as: सामने (Saamanay - In front), ओर (Aur - Toward), तरफ (Taraf - Toward), आर-पार (Aar-paar - Across), आस-पास (Aas - Paas- Nearby), पार (Paar - Across).
4) साधन वाचक (Saadhan Vaachak):
These preposition give us the indication of medium is called Sadhan Vachak.
Such as: द्वारा (Dwara - Through), बलबूते (Balbute - Through), कारण (Kaaran - Reason), मारे (Maare - For), हेतु (Hetu - For), जरिए (Jariye - Through), सहारे (Sahaare - Support).
5) समता वाचक (Samata Vaachak):
These preposition give us the indication of medium is called Sadhan Vachak.
Such as: समान (Samaan - Equal), तरह (Tarah - likewise), भांति (Bhaanti - likewise), बराबर (Baraabar - Equal), योग्य (Yogy - Apposite), ऐसा (Esa - like/likewise), जैसा (Jaisa - likewise).
6) विरोध वाचक (Viraudh Vaachak):
These preposition give us the indication between opposition of noun, pronoun and verb is called Virudh Vachak.
Such as: विपरीत (Viprit - Opposite), उल्टा (Ulta - opoosite), विरूद्ध (Virudh - Opposed)
7) हेतु वाचक (Hetu Vaachak):
These preposition give us the indication of purpose is called Hetu Vachak.
Such as: लिए (liye - For), सिवा (Siva - short of).
8) सहचर वाचक (Sahachar Vaachak):
These preposition give us the indication of companionship is called Sahchar Vachak.
Such as: संग (Sang - With), साथ (Sath - With), भर (Bhar - Around), मात्र (Maatr - Only)
9) संग्रह वाचक (Sangrah Vaachak):
These preposition give us the indication of compilation is called Sangrah Vachak.
Such as: तक (Tak - Until/to), भर (Bhar - Complete), समेत (Samaet - Including).
10) तुलना वाचक (Tulana Vaachak):
These preposition give us the indication of comparison is called Tulna Vachak.
Such as: अपेक्षा (Apeksha - Compare), आगे (Aage - Ahead), सामने (Saamanay - Infront).
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